ZUM - revista de fotografia

Editor’s note

This 30th edition celebrates photography in many ways and reaffirms our commitment to expand its field of action and reflection. The image is not just the click of an artist: it is in cinema and painting, in journalism and performance, on social media and in artificial intelligence systems. This edition also honors artists who left us before their time, but whose works continue to reverberate.

On the cover, Jaider Esbell (1979-2021), of the Macuxi people, intervenes on icons of European art to denounce the colonial venture that invaded territories, bodies and imaginaries. This is where the inequality and oppression that shape us to this day come from, as Rochelle Costi (1961-2022) shows us, by comparing different dwellings in São Paulo or offering her naked body in an art studio. By recalling the death of the young Kurd Masha Amini in Iran, journalists Marie Sumalla and Gazhal Golshiri show how the patriarchal state insists on controlling women’s bodies even in the 21st century.

Personal stories and social struggle are the raw material of Renan Teles’ portraits – some of them published for the first time in this edition of ZUM – as well as the breeze that comforts Tyler Mitchell’s real or dreamlike scenes of Black lives in the United States. The elusive frontier between the symbolic and the real world is also outlined in Liliana Porter’s work, while filmmaker Karim Aïnouz shares his photographic diary with us to celebrate the freedom to come and go, to be and to imagine in any territory.

Architect Valentina Tong traverses the hillsides of Espírito Santo to investigate the mining that swallows mountains and feeds cities, while Siobhan Angus uses silver as a starting point to expose the chains of exploitation that remain invisible in the material history of photography. When reality weighs, art is both a home and a weapon of combat.

Thyago Nogueira, Rony Maltz e Elisa von Randow

Cover and back cover: Pages from Carta ao Velho Mundo [Letter to the Old World, 2018-19], by Jaider Esbell. Opening pages: 50 horas – Autorretrato roubado [50 Hours – Stolen Self-Portrait, 1992-93], by Rochelle Costi.

Memory is disputed territory.

Artists Mayara Ferrão and Tadáskía affirm their history and identity by enacting images that build new ties and family albums.

Vera Chaves Barcellos transforms skin into landscape, while suggesting both physical existence and ways of escape, while Hélène Amouzou makes self-portraits to fight erasure. Even in the face of abandonment, the negatives rescued by Lagos Studio Archives insist on celebrating the beauty to be found in studio portraits.

With oil paint, Caio Pacela fixes scenes that multiply rapidly, like internet memes and spiritual cults. Mystery and transcendence also emanate from Fernell Franco’s photographs of street markets in Colombia, or from Maya Goded’s journey through the American continent in search of female resistance.

A resilient life is the example of Nair Benedicto, who reviews five decades of photography in an interview that is also a lesson about Brazil.

Rescued, dreamed, painted or printed, the images are the stones of history which line our path to the past and the future.

Thyago Nogueira, Rony Maltz, Elisa von Randow

Cover and back cover:
Álbum de desesquecimentos [Album of Deforgetfulness, 2024], by Mayara Ferrão.

Covered with palm oil, mercuro-chrome, ceremonial powder, mud or annatto, bodies pulsate in all the pages of ZUM. In the self-portraits of María Magdalena Campos-Pons, the body is the sea that embraces the Afro-diasporic identity of Black Latin American women, while in the offerings of Ayrson Heráclito, the body embodies the spirituality of the tropics, conceived between Yoruba cosmologies and the rituals of Bahian candomblé.

The photos of Annie Ernaux and Marc Marie are evidence of lovers’ bodies, images such as the writer’s cancer tests, which reduced the disease to visible symptoms. In the work of the painter Luiz Zerbini, the photographic body dissolves in the research process until it appears again, reincarnated in pigments of color and light.

The negatives of Milagros de la Torre hide bodies which would be revealed by box camera street photographers, in an operation that points out to the much-desired social distinction and recalls the racial erasure they suffered.

In the photographs of Rosa Gauditano, women affirm their autonomy through bodies that vibrate with pleasure and freedom. In Zahy Tentehar’s films, her body is the geography that reconstructs the expropriated identity of the original peoples. Freedom and memory also meet in the performances of the Chilean artist Lotty Rosenfeld, who challenged the spaces of power and repression with her body in the midst of the military dictatorship. For Congolese artist Sammy Baloji, the photographic album is not an affirmation of subjectivity, but the restoration of bodies that fell in the collective resistance.

Thyago Nogueira, Rony Maltz and Elisa von Randow

Cover and back cover: Freedom Trap 3 and 1 (2013), by María Magdalena Campos-Pons.

A question permeates many of the works in this edition. How to face the violence inscribed in the history of photography and deeply rooted in the archives of images? With different strategies, the artists presente here look into ethnographic production, family albums, journalistic projects and even travel photographs to repossess the images, restore their stories and celebrate life.

At the opening of this edition, Paulo Nazareth’s photographs are transformed into postcards “in reverse” as they return news of a history of racism and xenophobia to the United States. Nazareth also fights the death evoked by the historical archives of black people by animating photographic reproductions with the breath of the white spots of helmeted guineafowls. Gê Viana recovers the history of the quilombolas of Alcântara by throwing light on an important set of photographs with layers of color and life; while the Mexican artist Diego Moreno uses his family snaps to reveal the creatures that inhabit the depths of the human soul.

Racial and erotic tensions overlap in Lyle Ashton Harris’s Blow Ups, which combine world news with the intimacy of the artist. Made over many years, his blow-ups have been combined for ZUM to form a single narrative. In this edition’s interview, Sophie Calle reveals how she writes her biography by projecting herself into the life of others with grains of fine irony.

Facing the visual ocean is also a way to reestablish history and redefine self-identity. Featured on the cover of this edition, artist Igi Lólá Ayedun uses self-portraits and artificial intelligence to construct a future of beings who navigate an ancestral universe. Between the ready-made and the assemblage, the costumes worn by the papangus photographed by Nicolas Gondim make the future a sampled present. The crises of the present echo the melancholy of the past, as seen in Adriana Lestido’s distant Buenos Aires, and in the economic crisis facing contemporary Argentina. In a dialog created for this edition, writer David Campany and artist Penelope Umbrico advance and retreat into a time machine to show that the reproducibility of photography, since its inception in the 19th century, remains radically subversive and current. The future sleeps in the past.

Thyago Nogueira, editor

At one point, the narrator of the photo-novel Jongo & Adriano, created by the artist Yhuri Cruz, asks what freedom consists of. The answer seems obvious in the context of Brazil in the time of slavery. But the parable of the escape is both a revolt against the enslavement of bodies as Much as the imprisonment of affections. Cruz sums it up: freedom is the absence of fear and annoyances.

Freeing yourself from everyday oppression and social ties is what moves most of the artists in this edition. Sydney Amaral confronts White hedonism in collages that mock the symbols of pleasure and power. The surreal climate contrasts with the sobriety of his self-portraits on a black background, in which Amaral faces his personal and artistic dilemmas: work or eat, live or die?

Renata Felinto reviews the history of images of oppression and vigilance in search of emancipation and justice. Her unpublished work is featured in the cover of this edition and in the poster sent to subscribers. Ming Smith captures the vibration and resilience of black life in the United States, while an unknown photographer fits images of people who express the democratic beauty of Rio de Janeiro into the scenic and well-known curves of the city’s seafront. Public love, recalls the writer Eliana Alves Cruz, can be revolutionary.

In Sabelo Mlangeni’s wedding photographs, the sweetened life gains transcendente nuances. With her model boyfriend, Pixy Liao reverses the gender roles disseminated by Western iconography and her Chinese education. More than thirty years earlier, Austrian artist valie export embraced urban solemnity in her pioneering feminist performances.

About to publish her first book, photojournalist Gabriela Biló reveals in a diary the mistakes and successes, dangers and pleasures of her profession in Brasília. For the Guarani people, memory is not a dimension of the past, but the path of both the past and the future in the present. Moving the images, explains curator Sandra Benites, is freeing them for the fight.

Thyago Nogueira, editor

THE 21ST CENTURY has buried the idea of a unique and shared reality. What could be universal when some talk for others, offering their views as a corollary of their privileges? In the field of art, fragmentation has invaded the frame, helping us to reverse the perspective. Original artists invest in collages and reorganize archives to suture gaps and compose new realities.

The cover and opening article in this edition, Val Souza refreshes feminism by nourishing it with images of black women. In her self-portraits, Souza confronts the look that objectifies, as well as defies the narrow patterns of beauty. Her quest to redefine Venus gave rise to a trans-historic panel celebrating the deity of independent and resilient women. In the 1970s, Gretta Sarfaty also broke patterns by ironizing her own image. Iconoclastic, Justine Kurland has cut open the photographic canon to protest against the ruling patriarchy. Survivors of the Argentinian dictatorship, women – and photographs – of the Trans Memory Archive rewrite history and bear witness to a life that resists oppression and prejudice. In the performances of the Amazon entity Uýra, resistance is also a way of learning with nature.

Throughout its history, photography has experimented with different ways of looking at the other. In a moving homage to filmmaker Andrea Tonacci, researcher Patricia Mourão de Andrade looks back at the originality, hesitations and impasses of a film art committed to the struggles of others. Lourdes Grobet, who died earlier this year, glorified wrestling by celebrating the sportsmen who give form to Mexican popular culture. The photographs of filmmaker Affonso Uchôa and artist Desali exhibit their own reality “without sentimentality, without self-pity or false exercises of empathy”, in the words of Cidinha da Silva. “They are expressions of the outskirts of Brazil through their own voice”, continues the writer from Minas Gerais, also echoing Maxwell Alexandre’s new work, which removes blacks from paintings to display them in the galleries, where they choose what to see and why. Changing times!

Thyago Nogueira, editor

The war in Ukraine has rekindled the importance of images in international mobilization, but the album of photographs of human tragedies has been growing for years without all human suffering being visible.

Samuel Fosso has made the self-portrait a lifeline to overcome the violence and injustices that have marked the history of the Central African Republic. In the 1970s, he fulfilled his desires with photography; today, he uses his images to navigate between continuing pleasure and suffering. In the China of the 1990s, Rong Rong and his troupe of artists found in performance
a way to resist the social oppression that the drive for economic growth insisted on keeping invisible.

On the other side of the world, Brazilian photographer Lázaro Roberto has recorded the beauty and struggle of his people in an educational and affirmative mission. His work gave rise to the Zumví Afro Photography
Archive, one of the most important independent collections in the country.

In his collages and writings, Arthur Jafa has also rewritten history, seeking justice by denouncing the concealment by European modernism of African roots and making evident the contribution of Black art to world culture.

Using mutilated newspapers to highlight their photographic coverage, Mabe Bethônico eloquently shows us the crimes of Mariana and Brumadinho and the perverse association between industry and journalism. Who has the right to build a future, asks art historian
T. J. Demos. In order to combat the racial violence of capitalism, one must listen to Black, transsexual and indigenous art.

In the informality of Fernanda Liberti’s photographs, a silent, libertarian rebellion stitches alliances between distinct identities. Her visual album is included as a poster for ZUM subscribers.

In her photographs and writings, Castiel Vitorino Brasileiro teaches us that her transmutation is not only a form of healing, but a revolutionary opportunity for images, languages and ourselves to find new ways of being and existing.

ZUM emerged in 2011 to promote contemporary photography and debate on its burning issues. Over the last ten years, around 400 collaborators have taken turns to reduce our visual ignorance. Alfredo Jaar, interviewed in this edition, reminds us that photographs bear a way of seeing the world which is not always visual. Deciphering them continues to be the mission of this magazine. To celebrate ZUM’s 10th anniversary, we are offering our readers a poster with another of Jaar’s maxims: “You do not take a photograph. You make a photograph.”

In the 1950s, photographer Gordon Parks exposed Alabama’s deep-rooted racism by the simple expedient of following the daily lives of a Black family. The story of the Causeys, told in bright and pungent colors, was also his. It was also that of George Floyd, whose murder at the hands of the American police force in 2020 was captured on video and sparked the spread of the Black Lives Matter movement through the world. And that of Deborah Willis, who uses photography as a means to weave together her family’s journey to the fight for respect and justice through the generations.

Without leaving the creative force to one side, the artists Poulomi Basu, Laia Abril and Frida Orupabo also use photography as a weapon to make reports. Basu confronts the cruelty of the ethnic and political conflict that fragments society in central India. With forensic detail, April dissects the historical culture of machismo that destroys lives all over the world. By unveiling colonial archives, Orupabo gives form to its traumas and obliges us to face its fruits. Recent attacks on monuments are founded on the certainty that those who control the images, control politics, as researcher Laura Erber points out when analyzing various acts of iconoclasm. But it is Glicéria Tupinambá  who commands the retaliation against colonialism by bringing the extinct cloaks of her people back to life, guided by dreams, visions and photographs. Rafael Pavarotti, whose rise to fame is stunning and meteoric, populates the world of international fashion with his army of martyrs, warriors and orix s willing to face the apocalypse. From the peaceful Icoaraci in Belém, Pará , the photographer redefined beauty and showed that peace is an ongoing struggle. Let us all take up the fight.

Reaching the twentieth printed edition is quite a feat, even when there’s little to celebrate. In this ZUM#20 we bring together contributors who defy the status quo of the image and make us see what we have not seen – be it by transforming the personal universe through the mirror of collective tragedies, by tackling with irony the situation of those at the edges of capitalism, or by facing the archives on which history is based, but which can also be used to rewrite history. Like many Brazilians, the young photographer Allan Weber lost his job during the pandemic. To support his family, he put down a deposit on a motorcycle and started to work delivering orders made via cellphone apps, from his home in the north of Rio de Janeiro. The scenes of his everyday life are on the cover of this edition, revealing the beauty of an urgent and often invisible routine. It is like opening an intimate diary that Carrie Mae Weems invites us to her kitchen table, to share her anxieties. Published in full here, in times of isolation, the series of photographs completes thirty years and is ever-more current. With a touch of irresistible prose, Lita Cerqueira clicks open the shutter of the memories and loves that have marked her life. In a stroll through the night, the Turkish writer Orhan Pamuk ventures into photography to scrutinize the urban landscape of Istanbul, a city in transformation.

Photography and literature still fuse in a new tale by the writer Ana Paula Maia, inspired by the images taken for ToiletPaper, a magazine edited by the artists Maurizio Cattelan and Pierpaolo Ferrari. Visual transgression and delirium are also the pillars sustaining the work of the trans collectives Limitrofe Television, Analcancer2009 and Bouquet International. Their pop calendar, which opens this edition (transformed into a poster for subscribers) helps us to count the time we have lost. Faced with so many images, what is the role of archives? In rescuing the stories behind old snaps, the Paiter Suru. people prepare the arrows of the future. Denilson Baniwa confronts the classic iconography of Theodor Koch-Grünberg with the icons of the movies, and so rocks the frontier which divides our photographic science and pure science fiction. Facing tradition itself, the architect Paulo Tavares contests the notion of progress which permeates modern Brazilian photography and shows how it can help combat the erasure of the indigenous peoples it helped to celebrate. We carry on vigilant in difficult times.

To investigate the past is to give a future to the present. Artist Rosana Paulino opens this edition with a new work (in poster form for subscribers to ZUM), in which she investigates the violent roots of Brazil’s history – our true nature, which art and society insist on hiding. Ever more visible, the indigenous artists selected by curator Naine Terena break down frontiers to rewrite the history of Brazilian art from new perspectives. Both the nudes by the Chinese photographer Ren Hang and the photographic archives rescued by artist Carmen Winant suggest that the body can be a free territory, open to self-exploration. Freedom also laps at the work of Davi de Jesus do Nascimento, who uses self-portraits and his family’s collection of photographs to build his identity and ancestry.

In an extreme opposite, the faces and bodies of Ana Mendieta’s performances and the posters photographed by Teresa Margolles compel us to remind that violence against women is not just a statistic. Our body moves into the 21st century under the surveillance of images, as Julian Stallabrass’ essay on art and politics shows, or in the portraits of immigrants in search of a future, taken by artist Richard Mosse. Researchers Kênia Freitas and José Messias fully examine Beyoncé’s Afrofuturist epic to celebrate the creative potential and investigate its narrative ambiguity.

Every step we take into the future brings us closer to the past. After all, what is photography and what is it for? In their own time and in their own way, Man Ray and Roland Barthes sought an answer; in texts which have become classics they found more questions and the certainty of a varied and irreducible essence.